Sommersemester 2024

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The course introduces data access and processing with the Virtual
Observatory (VO), focusing in particular on the VO's query language
ADQL and means to exploit the VO's capabilities from python.

For organisatorial matters, please refer to the course's page:
https://moodle.uni-heidelberg.de/course/view.php?id=22352

In case you already had contact with the Virtual Observatory, you
are also welcome to only attend selected lectures; for the semester
plan, see our lecture notes at https://docs.g-vo.org/vo2024.pdf.
No registration or appointment necessary.

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See the English page

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**** WICHTIGE MITTEILUNG ****
Diese Lehrveranstaltung wurde abgesagt.

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Strahlenarten und biophysikalische Wirkung; Dosis und LET; Strahlenschäden bei Zellen und Reparaturmechanismen; Dosis-Wirkung.Modelle; Dosimetrie; Grundlagen der Strahlendiagnostik und -therapie

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Die Vorlesung setzt die die Einführungsvorlesung "Introduction to Radiation Biophysics" aus dem SS 2023 fort.

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The course is a general introduction to the physics of matter at low temperatures and will provide a discussion of phenomena that uniquely occur near absolute zero. For example, when the thermal energy becomes small new macroscopic quantum states like superfluidity and superconductivity are formed. The course is divided into three sections: Quantum fluids, Properties of Solids and Refrigeration Techniques.

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1-week block lecture, language: English, Apr. 8 - 12, 2024, IUP - INF229, first floor (R108), lecturer: Dr. Jochen Landgraf

The lecture will cover the principles of radiative transfer with a focus on the Earth's atmosphere including a discussion of electromagnetic waves, radiometric quantities and polarization, absorption and emission by molecules, scattering by molecules and particles, radiative transfer equation and solution methods for the Earth's atmosphere, remote sensing applications.

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The lecture "Experimental Methods in Astroparticle Physics - II" is focused on two major topics:

- the existence of Dark Matter and methods used to detect and characterize its properties
- neutrinos and their properties 

The lecture will start on Monday the 15th of April and end on the 22nd of July. Tutorials will start the week later.

The number of credit points related to this lecture is 4 and will be obtained on the basis of the submitted solutions to the exercises:
60% of corrected exercises are required to obtain the 4 credit points

Suggested literature:
1. D. H. Perkins, Particle Astrophysics, Oxford Master Series in Physics, Oxford University Press (2009)
2. C. Grupen, Astroparticle Physics, Second Edition, Springer (2020)
3. H. V. Klapdor-KleingrothausandK. Zuber, Particle Astrophysics, IoP(2000)
4. E.W. Kolb and M. S. Turner, The Early Universe, Front. Phys. 69 (1990)
For specific topics dedicated literature will be suggested during the lecture.

During the first lecture we will also discuss possible time conflict with the proposed tutorial time.

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Theoretical and experimental foundations of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics on an advanced level. The lecture includes the main building blocks of the Standard Model: QED, weak interactions, gauge symmetries, electroweak symmetry breaking and Higgs mechanism, Flavor Physics, QCD.
The lectures are given by a theoretician and experimentalist. For details see the web page of the lecture: https://uebungen.physik.uni-heidelberg.de/vorlesung/20241/1848

Lehrziel

Upon completion of this course the student has gained advanced knowledge about the Standard Model of Particle Physics including its mathematical framework based on relativistic quantum field theory, with emphasis on the interplay of experimental results and theoretical developments. The student can formulate the Standard Model and is capable to calculate particle processes using perturbation theory.

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The lectures are Mondays and Wednesdays at 2:00pm at großer Hörsaal, Philosophenweg 12

Motivation:

Nonlinear dynamics is an interdisciplinary part of mathematical physics, with applications in such diverse fields as mechanics, optics, chemistry, biology, ecology, to name but a few. Equations with nonlinearities show a much more diverse behavior than their linear counterparts, for instance self-sustained oscillations, nonlinear competition (as linear superposition does not hold anymore), chaotic dynamics and pattern formation. Pattern formation, in turn, is one of the most fascinating and intriguing phenomena in nature: it takes place in a wide variety of physical, chemical and biological systems and on very different spatial and temporal scales: examples are convection phenomena in geosciences and meteorology, but also patterns occurring in chemical reactions and bacterial colonies. In some circumstances, pattern formation is undesired, for instance the formation of spiral waves leading to cardiac arrhythmias in the heart muscle. In other contexts, pattern formation is even essential for the functioning of a system as in cell division and embryo development.

Lehrziel

Contents: The lecture will start with an introduction to nonlinear dynamics on the level of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), introducing concepts like phase space analysis, attractors, (in)stability of solutions and bifurcations, as well as nonlinear oscillations.  We will then proceed to study spatio-temporal behavior, i.e. partial differential equations (PDEs) and discuss the main questions in pattern formation: when will a homogeneous state become structured, i.e. unstable towards a pattern? What are the generic scenarios/types of patterns? When are patterns stable and are they unique? What determines the wavelength / period in time / amplitude of a pattern? Importantly, a universal description of pattern dynamics exists, that is independent of the system-specific pattern formation mechanism. The method to obtain this description is called multiple-scale reduction, resulting in an amplitude equation (also called center manifold), which is nothing but the famous Ginzburg-Landau equation (Nobel Prize in Physics 2003, originally derived for superconductivity).  Finally, nonlinear waves and solitons (localized waves) will be discussed. They again occur in many systems, from coupled nonlinear springs to hydrodynamic surface waves and nonlinear optics. In addition, solitons have intriguing mathematical properties that will also be discussed.

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The lecture course provides an introduction to the strongly-correlated physics of QCD and Quantum Gravity. The related physics problems are treated within the Functional Renormalisation Group (fRG), and a survey of alternative approaches is provided.

    Outline

    I The Functional RG
        Euclidean QFT 
        Functional Renormalisation Group
        Critical Phenomena & Fixed Points 

   II  QCD
        Introduction 
        Non-Abelian gauge theories & confinement 
        Chiral symmetry breaking in QCD 
        QCD at finite T 
        A glimpse at the QCD phase diagram 

  III Quantum Gravity
        Introduction 
        RG approach to quantum gravity 
        Gravity and matter 
        Cosmological applications*

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https://sciai-lab.org/teaching/24s/gmlqc/

Lehrziel

see https://sciai-lab.org/teaching/24s/gmlqc/

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Preparation and presentation of an advanced topic in stellar dynamics. During each lecture, at least one talk on a specific research field is given and actively discussed by
all course participants.

Selected topics in stellar dynamics of galaxies and stellar clusters. The list of topics for this year is the following.

- Dynamics of black holes in star clusters
- Hierarchical mergers of black holes in star clusters
- Dynamical formation of blue straggler stars
- Globular cluster dynamics
- The vertical phase-spiral observed by Gaia in the Milky Way
- Orbital resonances 1: radial migration
- Orbital resonances 2: perturbation theory and orbital structure near resonances
- Using the Jeans equations in the Milky Way
- Supermassive black-hole binaries and mergers

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This seminar is part of the master module MVAstro3 (Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy).  It supplements the lecture contents.  It is usually being held as a block event on three or four afternoons chosen in the course; typically on Saturdays.

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Modern experiments have realised an extraordinary degree of control of isolated quantum systems. With a variety of experimental platforms, including photons, ions and neutral atoms it becomes possible to address the fundamental laws that govern quantum mechanics. A large toolbox has emerged that allows tackling different topics from high precision test of fundamental theories using single particles to quantum sensing and quantum simulation on few and many-body systems.
In this seminar we will discuss key experiments in this field. Each student will give a 30min presentation on one topic. The preparation of this presentation will include 2-3 meetings with the respective tutor to discuss the physics as well as the structure of the talk. Special emphasis should be devoted to the clarity of the experimental claims and techniques. After the presentation, a one-page summary should be provided. Further, it is expected that the students attend all presentations and participate with active feedback and questions. 
The seminar takes place on Fridays from 11:15 to 13:00. In the first seminar date (19/04/2024), we will give an introduction and each student will choose a topic.

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Die Strahlenbiophysik gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung, z.B. im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung einer effizienteren und sichereren Strahlentherapie, die aktuelle Situation in der Ukraine, geplante Missionen zum Mars und andere Weltraummissionen sowie das erhöhte Risiko des Missbrauchs radioaktiver Stoffe durch Terroristen. Trotzdem wird Strahlenbiophysik nur an wenigen deutschen Universitäten angeboten. Dabei ist die Strahlenbiophysik auch deshalb so wichtig, weil das erworbene Wissen die Studierenden in die Lage versetzt, ihr Fachwissen über die Kerndisziplinen der Physik hinaus zu erweitern, insbesondere an der Schnittstelle zur Biologie. Diese Multidisziplinarität bezieht sich nicht nur auf den wissenschaftlichen Sachverstand im Bereich des Strahlenschutzes, sondern ermöglicht es den Studierenden auch, sich in der gegenwärtigen öffentlichen Unkenntnis über die Wirkungen ionisierender Strahlung besser zu orientieren. Sie kann in der öffentlichen Kommunikation einerseits eine Unterschätzung möglicher Risiken, andererseits aber auch eine noch gefährlichere und ungebremste Strahlenfeindlichkeit verhindern. In diesem Seminar werden die Kenntnisse aus dem Kurs "Einführung in die Strahlenbiophysik" vertieft, ein vorheriger Abschluss des genannten Kurses ist jedoch keine notwendige Voraussetzung für dieses Seminar. Der Schwerpunkt des Seminars liegt eher auf der ausführlichen Diskussion interessanter und aktueller Themen der Strahlenbiophysik, die von den Studierenden selbst gewählt werden, als auf der Vermittlung eines umfassenden Überblicks über die aktuelle Strahlenbiophysik.

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• Einführung in die Messtechnik und Datenauswertung
• Durchführung von 16 phys. Versuchen zur Mechanik, Wärmelehre, Elekt- rodynamik und Optik mit Protokollierung der Ergebnisse
• Ausarbeitung eines Protokolls zu jedem phys. Versuch

Lehrziel

Die Studierenden sind zur selbstständigen Einarbeitung in eine experimentelle Fragestellung in der Lage und beherrschen die experimentelle Messtechnik, die Datenanalyse und die graphische Darstellung der Ergebnisse. Sie sind ferner fähig, quantitative Auswertungen von Messdaten mit Fehlerrechnung zu erstellen und beherrschen die Protokollierung der Ergebnisse sowie deren kritischen Würdigung.

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