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Biological cells have remarkable abilities to respond to changes in their environment. This seminar focuses on signal reception and processing from a mathematical and physical perspective. With the help of common biological model systems we will analyze qualitatively and quantitatively how cells sense and respond to their chemical and physical environment, discussing phenomena such as chemotaxis, immune response, mechanosensing and neuronal responses. With the help of kinetic equations and information theory, we will elucidate the biophysical limitations of cellular information processing in each case and introduce key concepts that have enabled cells to successfully meet these challenges. Participants are introduced to some of the standard models in the field, like zero-order ultrasensitivity, kinetic proofreading and the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model. With the help of such generic biophysical models, we will address: 1) how signals are sensed by allosteric receptors, 2) how information is processed by cellular signal transduction networks to extract biologically relevant information from such signals and 3) how cells achieve specific and robust information transfer.
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