Condensed Matter Physics (MKEP2)

General issues and introduction

• How to get a certificate
• Tutorials
• Link: Kummerkasten
• What is Condensed Matter Physics?
• What may you expect from this lecture?
• Link: Nobel prizes in Physics

1. Lattice dynamics

• Linear chain (dispersion, optical and acoustic branches, gap)
• Lattice vibrations in 3D crystals
• Phonons 
• Experimental determination of phonon dispersions
• Link: Phonon dispersion database
• Inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering
• Link: Inelastic neutron scattering, ILL, Grenoble
• Link: 3-axis spectrometer IN12, ILL, Grenoble
• Brillouin-, Raman-, IR-scattering
• Link: Venkata Raman Nobel Prize 1930
• Density of states 
• 3D, 1D, Debye model, van Hove singularities

2. Thermal properties of the crystal lattice

• Specific heat
• Einstein-Model, Debye-Model
• Link: Nobelpreis 1936 Chemie: P. Debye
• Low-dimensional systems
• Advanced reading: Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications (specific heat, heat transport, phonon dispersion of graphene)
• Thermal expansion
• Grüneisen scaling
• Correction: deviation of the Grüneisen formula
• Advanced reading: Pressure-Raman effects and vibrational scaling laws in molecular crystals (link)
• Phononic heat conductivity
• Matthiessen's rule, phonon-phonon scattering
• 1D heat transport
• Link: Schwab et al., Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance, Nature 2000

3. General diffraction theory

• Review: Basics of diffraction
• Link: Nobel prize 1914: M. v. Laue
• Link: Nobel prize 1915: W.H. and W.L. Bragg
• Diffraction theory
• Debye-Waller factor
• Structure factor
• Debye Waller factor
• Link: Online dictionary of crystallography
• Direct imaging by Transmission Electron Microscope

4. Simple metals: The free electron gas

• Electron in a box, boundary conditions
• Electron DOS, Fermi energy
• The Sommerfeld theory
• Specific heat of the free electron gas
• Pauli-Susceptibility
• Electrical conductivity of metals
• Boltzmann transport equation
• 1D metals: Quantized electric and heat transport
• Coupling to phonons: Peierls transition
• Thermal conductivity of metals
• Wiedemann-Franz-law

5. Superconductivity

• Link: www.superconductors.org
• 5.1 Fundamental properties
• 5.2 Materials
• 5.3 1st and 2nd kind of SCs
• Link: Gallery of pictures of Abrikosov lattice
• Link: Nobel Prize 2003
• 5.4 Thermodynamics of the type I SC state
• Phenomenological description (London)
• Link: SC levitation
• Link: SC Levitation 2
• Macroscopic wave function, Quantisation
• Microscopic description, BCS-theory
• SC gap
• Josephson effect
• Link: P.W. Anderson: How 22year old student Josephson discovered his effect
• SQUID
• Link: Emergent universe - SC dance flashmob
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6. Electronic band structure

• Bloch theorem, Bloch electrons
• Link: Felix Bloch: Über die QM der Elektronen in Kristallgittern, 1928
• Nearly free electrons
• Energy gap
• Tight binding model
• Script: tight binding
• Effective mass, meaning of k
• Motion of electrons in E-field
• Bloch oscillations
• Strongly bound electrons, tight binding
• PES, ARPES
• Link: ARPES spectrometer at Spring8, Japan
• Link: Intro to ARPES, Shen group at Stanford University

7. Electrons in external magnetic fields

• Cyclotron resonance
• Landau levels
• Quantum oscillations
• de Haas-van Alphen effect
• Shubnikov-de Haas effect

8. Semiconductors

• Intrinsic SC
• Doped SCs
• Hydrogen model
• Excitons
• SC heterostructures: pnjunction,
• 2DEG, transistor, solar cell

9. Magnetism

• Diamagnetism
• Paramagnetism, Curie law, Curie-Weiss law
• 3d vs 4f magnetism
• Ferromagnetism
• Magnons
• Antiferromagnetism

10. Dielectrical and optical properties

• Fundamental properties
• Macroscopic susceptibility and atomic polarizability
• Contributions to the electric polarization
• Ferroelectricity