Condensed Matter Physics (MKEP2)
General issues and introduction
- How to get a certificate
- Tutorials
- Link: Kummerkasten
- What is Condensed Matter Physics?
- What may you expect from this lecture?
- Link: Nobel prizes in Physics
1. Lattice dynamics
- Linear chain (dispersion, optical and acoustic branches, gap)
- Lattice vibrations in 3D crystals
- Phonons
- Experimental determination of phonon dispersions
- Link: Phonon dispersion database
- Inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering
- Link: Inelastic neutron scattering, ILL, Grenoble
- Link: 3-axis spectrometer IN12, ILL, Grenoble
- Brillouin-, Raman-, IR-scattering
- Link: Venkata Raman Nobel Prize 1930
- Density of states
- 3D, 1D, Debye model, van Hove singularities
2. Thermal properties of the crystal lattice
- Specific heat
- Einstein-Model, Debye-Model
- Link: Nobelpreis 1936 Chemie: P. Debye
- Low-dimensional systems
- Advanced reading: Thermal properties of graphene: Fundamentals and applications (specific heat, heat transport, phonon dispersion of graphene)
- Thermal expansion
- Grüneisen scaling
- Correction: deviation of the Grüneisen formula
- Advanced reading: Pressure-Raman effects and vibrational scaling laws in molecular crystals (link)
- Phononic heat conductivity
- Matthiessen's rule, phonon-phonon scattering
- 1D heat transport
- Link: Schwab et al., Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance, Nature 2000
3. General diffraction theory
- Review: Basics of diffraction
- Link: Nobel prize 1914: M. v. Laue
- Link: Nobel prize 1915: W.H. and W.L. Bragg
- Diffraction theory
- Debye-Waller factor
- Structure factor
- Debye Waller factor
- Link: Online dictionary of crystallography
- Direct imaging by Transmission Electron Microscope
4. Simple metals: The free electron gas
- Electron in a box, boundary conditions
- Electron DOS, Fermi energy
- The Sommerfeld theory
- Specific heat of the free electron gas
- Pauli-Susceptibility
- Electrical conductivity of metals
- Boltzmann transport equation
- 1D metals: Quantized electric and heat transport
- Coupling to phonons: Peierls transition
- Thermal conductivity of metals
- Wiedemann-Franz-law
5. Superconductivity
- Link: www.superconductors.org
- 5.1 Fundamental properties
- 5.2 Materials
- 5.3 1st and 2nd kind of SCs
- Link: Gallery of pictures of Abrikosov lattice
- Link: Nobel Prize 2003
- 5.4 Thermodynamics of the type I SC state
- Phenomenological description (London)
- Link: SC levitation
- Link: SC Levitation 2
- Macroscopic wave function, Quantisation
- Microscopic description, BCS-theory
- SC gap
- Josephson effect
- Link: P.W. Anderson: How 22year old student Josephson discovered his effect
- SQUID
- Link: Emergent universe - SC dance flashmob
6. Electronic band structure
- Bloch theorem, Bloch electrons
- Link: Felix Bloch: Über die QM der Elektronen in Kristallgittern, 1928
- Nearly free electrons
- Energy gap
- Tight binding model
- Script: tight binding
- Effective mass, meaning of k
- Motion of electrons in E-field
- Bloch oscillations
- Strongly bound electrons, tight binding
- PES, ARPES
- Link: ARPES spectrometer at Spring8, Japan
- Link: Intro to ARPES, Shen group at Stanford University
7. Electrons in external magnetic fields
- Cyclotron resonance
- Landau levels
- Quantum oscillations
- de Haas-van Alphen effect
- Shubnikov-de Haas effect
8. Semiconductors
- Intrinsic SC
- Doped SCs
- Hydrogen model
- Excitons
- SC heterostructures: pnjunction,
- 2DEG, transistor, solar cell
9. Magnetism
- Diamagnetism
- Paramagnetism, Curie law, Curie-Weiss law
- 3d vs 4f magnetism
- Ferromagnetism
- Magnons
- Antiferromagnetism
10. Dielectrical and optical properties
- Fundamental properties
- Macroscopic susceptibility and atomic polarizability
- Contributions to the electric polarization
- Ferroelectricity